This paper therefore presents a brief history of the attempts and efforts to supply power to the. Nigeria, a country of over 160 million people has for the past 33 years of establishment of the national electric power authority nepa an agency empowered with the electricity generation. Tension at tcn as md, union leader disagree by okechukwu nnodim the faceoff between the management of the transmission company of nigeria and the tcns general. This book, nigerian electricity law and regulation is a pioneering work in the complex field of power sector governance in nigeria. This study examines the impact of electricity supply on industrial output in nigeria. Also, it is the country that attracts more direct foreign investments than any other in africa. But with the above mentioned, there are various issues and. The standard voltage is 230 v and the standard frequency is 50 hz. Ezeh abstract nigeria is faced with continues electricity problem, which made goods and services to be very costly in the country because industries have to generate their power themselves. The country is faced with acute electricity problems, which is hindering its development notwithstanding the availability of vast natural resources in the country. Before discussing the electricity tariff structure in detail, a slight overview of the entire power system structure in nigeria would be very helpful in 2005, the electric power sector reform act resulted in the dismantling of the power holding company of nigeria phcn into 18 companies 6 generating, 1 transmission, and 11 distribution companies.
The history of electricity production in nigeria dates back to 1896 when electricity was. It essentially aims at bridging noticeable gaps in the literature on legal, policy and institutional frameworks of the electricity regime in nigeria. Further analysis revealed that nigeria presently needs to generate 240,000 mwh or 19, 583 mwhh of electricity in order to provide 24 hours of electricity to every state across the nation. Electricity supply in nigeria dates back to 1886 when two small generating sets were installed to serve the then colony of lagos. Assessment of nigeria power subsector and electricity generation projections engr. Nigeria has been battling with the problem of power generation, that would meet the growing demand both on the small and large scale. Nigeria has vast natural gas, coal, and renewable energy resources that could be used for domestic electricity generation. Nigerian electricity transmission grid premium times opinion. Pdf electricity generation and the present challenges in the. Presently, nigerias population is over 180 million according to worldometers.
This would give the country an electricity consumption of 5000kwh per capita 4 as compared to its present 155kwhcapita consumption. In nigeria the power plugs and sockets are of type d and g. Affordable, reliable electricity is fundamental to modern life. Pdf electricity generation and the present challenges in. Currently, the length of nigeria electricity transmission system is made up of about 5,528. Study of nigeria energy resources and its consumption. Ahistoryofnigeria assets cambridge university press. The first power plant, was at their behest, set up in lagos. Nigerian electricity regulatory commission nerc is an independent regulatory body with authority for the regulation of the electric power industry in nigeria. The discovery was made by shellbp, at the time the sole concessionaire. In nigeria the electricity generating stations are interconnected in radial form with a single national control centre ncc in oshogbo. That is, the existence of an abnormal electricity supply situation in which supply cannot catch up with electricity demand, thereby, creating an electricity supplycumdemand imbalance in the nigerian electricity market.
Nigeria needs 160,000mw to meet national electricity. Practical solutions to nigerias electricity crisis. Abuja has been the capital of nigeria since december 12, 1991. Nigeria energy data, statistics and analysis oil, gas. The electricity sector in nigeria generates, transmits and distributes megawatts of electric power that is significantly less than what is needed to meet basic household and industrial needs. It is widely accepted that there is a strong correla. The transmission network operators majorly focus on system planning, administration and discipline. It was a development wrought at the hands of the british colonial rulers in 1896. Political leadership and corruption in nigeria since 1960. Nigeria since independence have shown that the reins of government has always fallen into the hands of a political leadership class that showed more interest in private, group or ethnic gains than in the general wellbeing of the nigerian state.
Electricity generation companies gencos in nigeria, have again raised an alarm over the epileptic performance of the nations national grid. The federal government of nigerias vision of renewable energy in the power sector is the achievement of accelerated sustainable development through increased share of renewable electric power to the national electricity supply. Erratic power, nigeria, energy, led bulb, default billing, estimated billing i. The nigerian energy supply crisis refers to the ongoing failure of the nigerian power sector to provide adequate electricity supply to domestic households and industrial producers despite a rapidly growing economy, some of the worlds largest deposits of coal, oil and gas and the countrys status as africas largest oil producer. The minister of power, works and housing, babatunde fashola, on monday said power generation and transmission in the country had improved. Read all the latest news, breaking stories, top headlines, opinion, pictures and videos about nigerian electricity supply industry from nigeria and the world on today. Nigeria is a famous country with more than one hundred and forty million population.
Ahistoryofnigeria nigeria is africas most populous country and the worlds eighth largest oil producer, but its success has been undermined in recent decades by ethnic and religious con. Toyin falola, a leading historian intimately acquainted. Electricity generation and distribution in nigeria. The tcn is the only successor company in the electricity value chain still in. Despite the recent increase in electricity tariff by the nigerian electricity regulatory commission, nerc, economic analysts insist that nigeria still has one of the lowest electricity tariffs in. The operation of the electricity transmission network is vested in the transmission company of nigeria tcn, one of the successor companies unbundled from the power holding company ltd. The electricity in nigeria is generated from hydro stations and thermal stations. Pdf electricity generation and distribution in nigeria. The electricity demand in nigeria far outstrips the supply and the supply is epileptic in nature. By an act of parliament in 1951, the electricity corporation of nigeria ecn was established, and in 1962, the niger dams authority nda was also established for the development of hydro electric power. Electricity provides clean, safe light around the clock, it cools our homes on hot summer days and heats many of them in winter, and it quietly breathes life into the digital world we tap into with our smartphones and computers. The present situation in nigeria is that energy supply does not meet the energy demand. Typically, electricity is generated from hydro stations, wind farms or thermal stations.
According to preliminary results of the 2006 census and subsequent estimates, the most populous cities in nigeria are lagos about 8 million, kano 3. The electricity price comparison chart shows that price for electricity per 1 kwh in nigeria is 68. Data for the period 1980 to 2014 were obtained from cbn and wdi and analysed using a doublelog linear formulation. The level of production and utilization of these energy sources has. Energy consumption in nigeria authority, nepa, had about a 1630% share of the total consumption between 1952 and 1966. Energy is considered as the most important resources of any country.
Key players and their role the electricity industry in nigeria can be likened to a supply chain for any fast moving consumer goods where there are producers, wholesalers, retailers, final consumers and industry regulators. Technical issues and solutions article pdf available december 2011 with 25,527 reads how we measure reads. Nigeria joined the ranks of oil producers in 1958 when its first oil field came on stream producing 5,100 bpd. The daunting challenges of the nigerian electricity supply. Nigeria investmentbrief page2 gaspipelinevandalization gasprocessingcapacity transmissionwheelingcapacity. History of the nigerian petroleum industry oil was discovered in nigeria in 1956 at oloibiri in the niger delta after half a century of exploration. Matching electricity supply with demand in nigeria international. With the abundant human and natural resources the country is blessed. Nigerias primary energy consumption was about 108 mtoe in 2011. Nigeria didnt begin to generate electricity on their own. An estimate for developing countries to meet their electricity demand is.
It represents nigeria in the west african power pool the history of electricity development in nigeria can be traced back to the end of the 19th century. K ezugwu abstractthis study focuses on nigeria energy resources and its consumption. A communique issued at the 18th monthly power sector and. Investment brief nigeria may 2015 united states agency. The results show that electricity supply and trade openness impact industrial production negatively in nigeria. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria 1. Overview of the nigerian power sector american journal of. Pdf abstract constant power supply is the hallmark of a developed. Currently only 40% of nigeria s population is connected to the.
When living in the united states of america you need a power. History of electricity ier the institute for energy. History of energy sources and theirutilization in nigeria. Outlook for supply and demand of electricity in nigeria. The nations aggregate electricity need has been estimated at about 160,000 mega watts mw to satisfy the local electricity demand, even as indications emerged. Some background information the advent of electricity in nigeria can be traced back to 1896 with the installation of the first generating power plant in lagos. Comparison of costs of electricity generation in nigeria. The cost of electricity in nigeria by adesiji rabiu t his article explores the cost of electricity in nigeria, a developing nation with 140 million inhabitants and an epileptic supply of electricity. But then, we werent at all ready to have them run the show just they were not ready to. As stated earlier, generation of electricity in nigeria currently lies in the hands of 6 gencos which are listed below. Electricity distribution companies the challenges and. The logic behind this project is to critique the impact of electricity and industrial development in nigeria, also to find better energy sources for the production of electricity to rural areas in nigeria by power holding company of nigeria. The power holding company of nigeria abbreviated phc or phcn, formerly the national electric power authority abbreviated nepa was an organisation governing the use of electricity in nigeria.
The first nigerian electrical power plant was built at the cost of. For the first time in the nations history, nigeria, africas most populous black nation and the bedrock of the west african regional economy, suffered a nationwide blackout as the national. In 2012, the industry labored to distribute 5,000 megawatts, very much less than the 40,000 megawatts needed to sustain the basic needs of the population. Nigeria has oil reserves of about 35 billion barrels 5. Most of the energy comes from traditional biomass and waste, which account for 83% of total primary production. The rest is from fossil fuels 16% and hydropower 1%. Pwcs annual power and utilities roundtable the challenges. The history of electricity development in nigeria can be traced back to the end of the 19th century, when the first generating power plant was installed in marina. History nigerian electricity regulatory commission. For comparison, the per capita electricity consumption of ghana and south africa are 3.
Study of nigeria energy resources and its consumption engr c. Discos provide the connection between customers and the electricity grid and as such, are plagued with the last mile problem of high costs and quality of service similarly faced by last mile service providers in the telecoms industry. The history of electricity generation in nigeria started as far back as 1896 when electricity was first generated in lagos with total capacity of. Patterns of energy consumption in nigeria sciencedirect. Electricity distribution companies discos provide last mile services in the electricity supply value chain. The history of electricity in nigeria dates back to 1896 when electricity was first produced in lagos, fifteen years after its introduction in england. In all, political power has alternated between the civilian and the.
Anumaka abstractthis paper presents the background analysis of the present scenario of electricity in nigeria and investigates the current status of the energy resources and the trend of electric power generation in nigeria. Introduction it is a widely acknowledged fact that erratic power supply in nigeria is the bane of economic and industrial development in the country. Nigerias major energy sources include wood, coal, oil, gas, tar sands, and hydro power. Assessment of nigeria power subsector and electricity. The nigerian government has awarded contract for generation, transmission and. This has lead to low reliability index of the nigerian national grid yusuf, boyi and muazu, 2007.